Celiac Disease
How is it diagnosed?
Small bowel biopsy:The gold standard for making the diagnosis of CD has been the small bowel biopsy. Tissue samples of the small intestine are examined to determine if the intestinal cells show the characteristic celiac changes (shortened villi, increased levels of white blood cells). In unusual cases, more than one biopsy may be required to prove that the condition is indeed CD.
Blood tests:Over the past several years, a number of blood tests to screen for CD have been developed. These tests are based on the presence of specific antibodies, such as anti-gliadin, anti-endomysial, or tissue transglutaminase. Each test has specific advantages and disadvantages but if all are done, the accuracy of the combined result is very good. However, until blood tests have been proven to have 100% accuracy, many experts believe that a biopsy is still needed to confirm the diagnosis. The blood tests are particularly useful for screening family members and as a measure of response to and compliance to the gluten-free diet.
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This page was last modified on: March 19, 2008.
