Celiac Disease

What are the consequences of not following a strict gluten-free diet?

Individuals with CD who do not adhere to a strict gluten-free diet (GFD) will show changes in the lining of the small intestine. The extent of the damage varies among individuals and is likely influenced by age, genetics, amount of gluten eaten and individual immune system characteristics. Ultimately, long term damage to the lining of the small intestine can have serious consequences. Digestion and absorption of nutrients can be diminished, leading to a variety of problems such as anemia, osteoporosis, diminished growth in children, or multiple vitamin and mineral deficiencies. People with untreated CD have an increased risk of developing certain types of cancers, particularly of the gastrointestinal tract. Fortunately, the GFD has a protective effect. After five or more years on a GFD, the risk of most of these cancers is reduced. However, the increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma persists despite a GFD.

The GFD also appears to have a protective effect against developing some of the autoimmune conditions associated with CD. It has been found that those diagnosed and placed on a GFD during early childhood have a decreased risk of developing other autoimmune disorders such as certain types of thyroid disease.